Early Warning for Ovarian Diseases Based on Plasma Non-esterified Fatty Acid and Calcium Concentrations in Dairy Cows.

Inactive ovaries (IO) and ovarian (follicular or luteal) cysts (FC or LC) are two common ovarian diseases leading to infertility in dairy cattle. Both disorders are associated with altered metabolites and hormones. There are currently no known effective biomarkers that can be used for early diagnosis of ovarian diseases. The purpose of this study was to identify the plasma biomarkers of ovarian diseases in Holstein dairy cows that facilitate an early diagnosis of the diseases and control its progression. The experiment was performed from 3 weeks postpartum and last for 7 weeks. Seventy-six multiparous Holstein cows (mean age, 4.36 years; weight, 635.63 kg) were divided into healthy control group (HC, n = 22), FC group (n = 18), LC group (n = 18) and IO group (n = 18) by rectal palpation or ultrasonography during the last 2 weeks before trial end. Blood was collected via tail vein for measurement of plasma energy metabolites, liver function indicators, minerals, and hormones at 3 and 8 weeks postpartum. Data were analyzed by Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis, Spearman correlation, binary logistic regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic analysis, where applicable. At 8 weeks postpartum, FC cows had a more severe body condition score loss and these had greater levels of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and estradiol, and lesser levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), progesterone and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) levels than HC cows (P < 0.05). LC cows had a lower milk yield, higher NEFA and progesterone levels, and lower calcium, phosphorus and magnesium levels than HC cows (P < 0.05). IO cows had a lower body condition score, higher NEFA levels, and lower ALT, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, estradiol, progesterone and IGF-1 levels than HC cows (P < 0.05). At 3 weeks postpartum, cows with ovarian diseases had greater (P < 0.05) concentrations of NEFA, and lesser concentrations of ALT, calcium, phosphorus and IGF-1 than HC cows. Early warning values for ovarian diseases were plasma NEFA concentrations >0.50 mmol/L, or calcium concentrations <2.02 mmol/L. Therefore, plasma NEFA and calcium could be used as early-warning indicators for ovarian diseases in dairy cows.

Factores predisponentes para la enfermedad quística ovárica bovina y su efecto en la eficiencia reproductiva / Factors predisposing to bovine ovarian cystic disease and its effect on reproductive efficiency / Fatores de pré-disposição à doença cística ovárica bovina e seu efeito na eficiência reprodutiva

Resumen En el ganado lechero los quistes ováricos son anomalías habituales. Se caracterizan por presentar anestro, celos irregulares, aumento de intervalos reproductivos e infertilidad. Su origen es aún desconocido. Es importante estudiar su patogenia y posible vinculación a ciertos factores predisponentes en su presentación. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar ecográficamente la prevalencia y tipo de quistes ováricos. Se estudiaron 93 vacas que pertenecían a 23 ganaderías de la Hoya de Loja. Las formaciones quísticas se identificaron y clasificaron según el perfil ecográfico de 24 días, con 6 exploraciones cada 4 días. Las edades de los animales fluctuaron entre 2 y 12 años, con condición corporal > 2. Para el análisis de datos se utilizó el PROC REG en el programa estadístico SPSS Statistics 21. Se determinó un incremento de 256,4 días abiertos en animales con quistes ováricos versus 114,8 días abiertos en las vacas sanas control. La prevalencia de quistes ováricos fue de 32 %, distribuidos en 21 % de quistes foliculares y 11 % de luteínicos. Además, se evidenció correlación entre presencia de quistes con condición corporal < 3 (23 %), presencia de metritis (9 %) y utilización de productos hormonales (10 %). La manifestación clínica de los quistes ováricos se expresó con síntomas de anestro de vacas con quistes luteínicos (90 %), y la presencia de celos irregulares en vacas con quistes foliculares (40 %). En conclusión, los quistes ováricos son causa directa del incremento de los periodos parto-celo, parto-concepción y del intervalo entre partos en vacas lecheras en posparto.

Abstract Ovarian cysts are common anomalies in dairy cattle. They are characterized by presenting with anestrus, irregular estrus, increased reproductive intervals, and infertility. Their origin is still unknown, thus it is important to study their pathogenesis and possible relation to certain factors predisposing to their onset. The objective of this study was to determine by ultrasound the prevalence and types of ovarian cysts. 93 cows belonging to 23 farms in the Hoya de Loja were studied. Cystic formations were identified and classified according to ultrasound profile during 24 days, with 6 scans every 4 days. The age of the animals varied from 2 to 12 years, with body condition > 2. For data analysis, PROC REG was used in the SPSS Statistics 21 statistical program. An increase of 256.4 open days was evidenced in cows with ovarian cysts, versus 114.8 open days in healthy control animals. The prevalence of ovarian cysts was 32%, distributed in follicular cysts (21%) and luteal cysts (11%). In addition, there was a correlation between the presence of cysts and body condition < 3 (23%), presence of metritis (9%), and the use of hormonal products (10%). Ovarian cysts were clinically manifested through symptoms of anestrus in cows with luteal cysts (90%) and the presence of irregular estrus in cows with follicular cysts (40%). In conclusion, ovarian cysts are a direct cause of increased periods of delivery-estrus and delivery-conception, as well as increased intervals between deliveries in postpartum dairy cows.

Resumo No gado leiteiro os cistos ováricos são anomalias habituais. Se caracterizam por apresentar anestro, cios irregulares, aumento de intervalos reprodutivos e infertilidade. Sua origem ainda é desconhecida. É importante estudar sua patogenia e possível vinculação a certos fatores de pré-disposição em sua apresentação. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar eco graficamente a prevalência e tipo de cistos ováricos. Foram analisadas 93 vacas que pertenciam a 23 rebanhos de gado de La Hoya de Loja. As formações císticas se identificaram e classificaram segundo o perfil ecográfico de 24 dias, com 6 explorações cada 4 dias. As idades dos animais variaram entre 2 e 12 anos, com condição corporal > 2. Para a análise de dados se utilizou o PROC REG no programa estatístico SPSS Statistics 21. Determinou-se um aumento de 256,4 dias abertos em animais com cistos ováricos versus 114,8 dias abertos nas vacas saudáveis controladas. A prevalência de cistos ováricos foi de 32 %, distribuídos em 21 % de cistos foliculares e 11 % de cistos lúteos. Além do mais, evidenciou-se correlação entre presença de cistos com condição corporal < 3 (23 %), presença de metrite (9 %) e utilização de produtos hormonais (10 %). A manifestação clínica dos cistos ováricos se expressou com sintomas de anestro de vacas com cistos lúteos (90 %), e a presença de cios irregulares em vacas com cistos foliculares (40 %). Em conclusão, os cistos ováricos são causa direta do aumento dos períodos parto-cio, parto-concepção e do intervalo entre partos em vacas leiteiras em pós-parto.

A case of recurrent hyperreactio luteinalis in three spontaneous pregnancies.

Hyperreactio luteinalis is a rare condition in pregnancy characterized by enlarged ovaries with multiple theca luteal cysts, and recurrence of disease has seldom been documented in the literature. This is a case report of a woman who developed recurrent hyperreactio luteinalis with three spontaneous pregnancies. Endocrine evaluation was performed and revealed hyperandrogenism. Ultrasonography was used to assess the ovaries throughout each pregnancy. The ovarian cysts required drainage in the first pregnancy due to severe distention and shortness of breath. Cyst resolution occurred in the post-partum period following each pregnancy. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 44:502-505, 2016.

Severe preeclampsia at 16 weeks' gestation associated with a partial hydatidiform mole and bilateral theca-lutein cysts / 대한산부인과학회지

We present an unusual case in which a patient was diagnosed with the preeclampsia associated with a partial hydatidiform mole and bilateral theca-lutein cysts. The patient newly developed proteinuric hypertension at 16 weeks' gestation. Ultrasound findings showed small multiple cystic spaces in the placenta and a live singleton fetus. Triploid 69, XXX was confirmed at karyotype analysis. Intrauterine fetal death was found at 18 weeks' gestation and termination of pregnancy was performed, and a partial hydatidiform mole was confirmed at pathologic examination. Torsion of bilateral theca-lutein cysts was developed at postpartum one week. Detorsion and aspiration of the bilateral theca-lutein cysts were performed under the laparoscopy.